{"id":"W4384155299","doi":"10.1126/science.adh9429","title":"Do we want less automation?","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Science","topic":"Labor market dynamics and wage inequality","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":81,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Automation; Data science; Computer science; Engineering","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001963724,0.00006363164,0.0001250577,0.0002610667,0.0002072473,0.0001728972,0.0004116809,0.0000270684,0.0001090146],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001584343,0.00006496619,0.00003622013,0.00170962,0.0001684076,0.0003064666,0.0001269095,0.00005814864,0.001250865],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006921579,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004754591,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00004435721,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000078865,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990156,0.000006192056,0.0002667751,0.0003505861,0.00007389612,0.0002869626],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994186,0.00003335203,0.0001095313,0.0003280458,0.00003932729,0.00007110759],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[9.706283e-7,0.0000132813,0.03059757,0.000009667011,0.000002174662,0.000003005679,0.0003923857,0.00009088089,0.00006522793,0.962607,0.0001620149,0.006055783],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001213057,0.00001161795,0.1850126,0.000009890509,5.909714e-7,0.000001490135,0.0001435217,0.03156098,0.00005491091,0.7704483,0.01247358,0.0001611975],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9789279,0.0001911529,0.001017273,0.003453339,0.0008373933,0.00007822287,0.00008133023,0.0001350755,0.01527835],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9981824,0.0002333648,0.0003025768,0.00006695203,0.00003892781,0.000007946611,0.000002437666,0.000006015101,0.001159409],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1921587,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9995268,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.0512034646087249,"score_gpt":0.2728742343232276,"score_spread":0.2216707697145027,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}