{"id":"W4384470649","doi":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2023.06.336","title":"Spherically expanding flame simulations using Cantera coupled to an unsteady Lagrangian formulation","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Hydrogen Energy","topic":"Combustion and Detonation Processes","field":"Engineering","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"Wilfrid Laurier University; University of Ottawa","funders":"","keywords":"Flame speed; Deflagration; Laminar flame speed; Detonation; Laminar flow; Mechanics; Premixed flame; Combustion; Acceleration; Thermodynamics; Materials science; Chemistry; Explosive material; Physical chemistry; Physics; Classical mechanics; Organic chemistry","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001234282,0.0001114449,0.0001388424,0.0004999001,0.00005508319,0.00008869041,0.0002511492,0.00004550665,0.0001642762],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006094644,0.0001136006,0.00007546779,0.0004419879,0.00000749376,0.0005157448,0.00002864109,0.00007448521,0.00001371304],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001835842,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005298542,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00004206525,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001218806,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988354,0.00001801724,0.0004445644,0.0000928022,0.0004620517,0.0001470927],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991601,0.00006433151,0.0001136919,0.00007775368,0.0004438032,0.0001403848],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002947209,0.0000244201,0.0003067238,0.000002747498,0.0000849171,0.00003080422,0.0002447556,0.954065,0.03965518,0.0005908131,0.00008060518,0.004884617],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004182452,0.00005750599,0.0005439851,0.00004620787,0.00001575059,0.00007298167,0.00009711807,0.9834301,0.009172514,0.0005982048,0.005401314,0.0001460053],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8784105,0.00004670298,0.120232,0.0001710578,0.0007919862,0.00003098475,0.00001174952,0.0001254024,0.0001796282],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9981158,0.00002642532,0.001179112,0.0001573559,0.0003605169,0.000001631754,0.00003787166,0.00002844159,0.00009282937],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1197053,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4632499,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.0216499901370153,"score_gpt":0.29257221509514,"score_spread":0.2709222249581247,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}