{"id":"W4384523646","doi":"10.1038/s44159-023-00212-w","title":"Drawing as a versatile cognitive tool","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Nature Reviews Psychology","topic":"Creativity in Education and Neuroscience","field":"Psychology","cited_by":85,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"Queen's University","funders":"National Eye Institute; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; National Institutes of Health; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Variety (cybernetics); Schematic; Cognition; Cognitive science; Perception; Comprehension; Inference; Diagrammatic reasoning; Computer science; Human–computer interaction; Psychology; Cognitive psychology; Artificial intelligence","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008407393,0.0001950336,0.0003578246,0.000264462,0.0001417568,0.00002630041,0.0003290182,0.0003784388,0.005207771],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001261107,0.0001720801,0.0001518099,0.001452257,0.0001763389,0.00008711278,0.0000481365,0.0008291933,0.02704626],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002131384,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003855548,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000005986262,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000003683423,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9978965,0.0004670601,0.0003451534,0.0006761505,0.0001663951,0.0004487689],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987,0.0004615667,0.0001576012,0.000526118,0.00005883365,0.00009593248],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009826304,0.0003526032,0.00529699,0.00003812235,0.00003601733,0.0001099069,0.004787412,1.112165e-7,0.001872173,0.01404647,0.6114707,0.3618912],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004939586,0.0001258619,0.06243601,0.00006453705,0.00002481662,0.0001432144,0.0003413127,0.000001813077,0.00005255275,0.000672851,0.9354494,0.0001937138],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.433727,0.01671599,0.000159884,0.01065703,0.0173877,0.001775099,0.00003340538,0.0006149619,0.5189289],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9405271,0.005691609,0.0001226094,0.0296965,0.0005926104,0.0004603307,0.00005838768,0.00004518546,0.02280561],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5068002,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9957016,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.07177062659426436,"score_gpt":0.4986031080566831,"score_spread":0.4268324814624188,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}