{"id":"W4384698851","doi":"10.21511/imfi.20(3).2023.05","title":"Valuating the capital structure under incomplete information","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Investment Management and Financial Innovations","topic":"Capital Investment and Risk Analysis","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Guelph; Cape Breton University","funders":"","keywords":"Cash flow; Leverage (statistics); Valuation (finance); Volatility (finance); Econometrics; Terminal value; Enterprise value; Capital structure; Economics; Discounted cash flow; Business; Operating cash flow; Financial economics; Microeconomics; Finance; Mathematics; Statistics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000367405,0.0001487918,0.0001768194,0.0005799276,0.0005171422,0.0002073333,0.000167791,0.00005875071,0.0001345173],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003964397,0.00012843,0.0000604472,0.00171031,0.0001041083,0.0005462613,0.0001738266,0.0001205022,0.0004287265],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005419414,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001007969,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001281657,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00004601647,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988979,0.00001071399,0.0005542182,0.000208391,0.00008442147,0.0002443229],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994158,0.00002485768,0.0002435182,0.0002390961,0.00004239094,0.00003440873],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000001798125,0.00001084599,0.002332593,0.00001592271,0.00005643121,8.226219e-7,0.0008514029,0.0002423872,0.000005446122,0.9861551,0.009704181,0.0006230766],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003502525,0.00002559482,0.1425238,0.000008305638,0.00002565806,7.205668e-7,0.0006813001,0.005836575,0.000008339746,0.7530063,0.09732629,0.0002067675],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9626477,0.001170499,0.002428635,0.006901063,0.0007476039,0.0008785432,0.0003103388,0.0001995976,0.024716],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9889143,0.0005014814,0.0007160384,0.006666692,0.0001355708,0.0001018628,0.0006446053,0.00001372885,0.002305785],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2331487,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5510555,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.03283248938380223,"score_gpt":0.221895039927193,"score_spread":0.1890625505433908,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}