{"id":"W4384915685","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.4501591","title":"Digital Sovereignty in the European Union: Five Challenges from a Normative Perspective","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"SSRN Electronic Journal","topic":"Cybersecurity and Cyber Warfare Studies","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Sovereignty; European union; Perspective (graphical); Normative; Political science; Law; Law and economics; International trade; Sociology; Computer science; Business; Artificial intelligence; Politics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.004782551,0.0001214445,0.0001404172,0.0000938419,0.0008647303,0.0001651684,0.0004724257,0.00004216444,0.00002769454],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003161827,0.00009005228,0.0001077896,0.000463592,0.0002294604,0.0004615319,0.00008029362,0.001362832,0.0001941377],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0008012125,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0006600771,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001953955,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.06990438,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9965111,0.001340655,0.0001646184,0.0001817144,0.0004427572,0.001359181],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993277,0.0003187838,0.00009362908,0.0001082047,0.0001050154,0.00004663678],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000008273705,0.00003787062,0.0001890262,6.001117e-7,0.00008953123,0.00002477075,0.3181644,0.00000429767,2.53365e-7,0.6480266,0.0003162298,0.03313809],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000178448,0.00004351255,0.004580658,0.00001078205,0.00000674927,0.000006543391,0.5363825,0.000001626857,1.615222e-7,0.4536416,0.005075909,0.00007155792],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.09612877,0.007149705,0.00004540041,0.03288617,0.0002156099,0.0001946954,0.00002636576,0.00008962661,0.8632637],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9742674,0.02400559,0.000001262137,0.00007385384,0.0006898501,0.000004119073,0.000004050345,0.000009878956,0.0009439776],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8781387,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9470674,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.0193729096946614,"score_gpt":0.2771734685091514,"score_spread":0.25780055881449,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}