{"id":"W4384930425","doi":"10.5539/jel.v12n5p188","title":"Enhancing Grade 5 Student Geography Skills and Learning Achievement: A Problem-Based Learning Approach","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Education and Learning","topic":"Geography Education and Pedagogy","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Mahasarakham University","keywords":"Mathematics education; Academic achievement; Problem-based learning; Student achievement; Psychology; Cluster sampling; Teaching method; Medical education; Medicine; Population","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.003783368,0.0001418646,0.000225279,0.0008367756,0.001644317,0.0002983949,0.0001358583,0.00009190407,0.00009540704],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0006287262,0.0001380999,0.0001102946,0.000754672,0.0001353813,0.0002512918,0.00002917223,0.001120273,0.000006937315],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004116864,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004784234,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0004296335,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00005401278,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9974824,0.001071511,0.0004222362,0.0002133259,0.0004742159,0.0003363278],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9984848,0.0003758168,0.0005466524,0.00005713514,0.0002589884,0.0002766423],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000008704111,0.0004535137,0.8516588,0.00006842588,0.0000565343,0.000001119166,0.1038511,0.003470263,0.0003405341,0.0005038927,0.0001890132,0.03939807],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005300783,0.0002649351,0.4723652,0.0001724238,0.00006375042,0.00001124407,0.2417724,0.0001465448,0.00002405759,0.0001564244,0.2842554,0.0002375255],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9913613,0.0008592136,0.000563019,0.003197661,0.0004631364,0.0001811909,1.292667e-7,0.00007234122,0.003302023],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9916274,0.0009207923,0.002450628,0.0001934056,0.0004215103,0.00001592182,0.00001031808,0.00001738175,0.004342655],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3792936,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9996554,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01830045005023601,"score_gpt":0.3462957326796655,"score_spread":0.3279952826294295,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}