{"id":"W4385012499","doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-32415-4_33","title":"Not so Immutable: Upgradeability of Smart Contracts on Ethereum","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Lecture notes in computer science","topic":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":31,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"Concordia University","funders":"","keywords":"Computer science; Upgrade; Proxy (statistics); Smart contract; Computer security; Transparency (behavior); Blockchain; Operating system","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001522296,0.0004496584,0.0006603607,0.0007677873,0.0002822906,0.0001757669,0.004045787,0.0006589263,0.00001197751],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000220022,0.0004111796,0.0001499262,0.001009322,0.001674488,0.000181203,0.001243912,0.001274695,0.00007068516],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001724134,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0005418705,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00006191499,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001165505,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9963252,0.00004175055,0.0006518977,0.001552793,0.0008207018,0.0006076869],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9955102,0.001103712,0.0003987527,0.002594986,0.0002763532,0.0001159751],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001306467,0.0001014776,0.00005835235,0.0000462297,0.00002004997,0.0000292351,0.0004608064,0.003296636,0.0004484829,0.4545744,0.000037778,0.5409135],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003787877,0.0004407386,0.0008097889,0.0003468519,0.00001091799,0.00003005345,2.756404e-7,0.1917005,0.01921496,0.7824978,0.003810849,0.0007584644],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.001183315,0.0001350249,0.9912817,0.003793766,0.0010158,0.0005661994,0.00001928669,0.0004234611,0.001581389],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9091669,0.00007061229,0.08835179,0.001776385,0.0001526067,0.00003847739,0.00000462253,0.00004555347,0.0003930327],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9079836,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.999834,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01822571593022597,"score_gpt":0.2499483651315333,"score_spread":0.2317226492013074,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}