{"id":"W4385074164","doi":"10.1007/s11042-023-16029-x","title":"Artificial intelligence bias in medical system designs: a systematic review","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Multimedia Tools and Applications","topic":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education","field":"Medicine","cited_by":58,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"Queen's University","funders":"","keywords":"Computer science; Artificial intelligence; Machine learning; Selection bias; Ranking (information retrieval); Process (computing); Protocol (science); Data mining; Statistics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":["metaresearch"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.08310509,0.001788077,0.01384237,0.006696628,0.001001622,0.005915854,0.003476074,0.004256436,0.005653364],"category_scores_gemma":[0.3013201,0.002254548,0.01268118,0.007286452,0.003131729,0.005278111,0.003047111,0.003059383,0.0003245104],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.005488715,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.01380948,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.007030732,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.02279925,"domain_scores_codex":[0.8849115,0.06222461,0.03231777,0.006226741,0.01347079,0.0008485104],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.6183149,0.3415482,0.02691211,0.004412761,0.008080974,0.0007309989],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":"methods","domain_candidate":"methods","domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"systematic_review","study_design_gemma":"systematic_review","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0006774344,0.00003514377,0.003034464,0.887895,0.05694089,0.0001163565,0.0004940425,0.0001722646,0.00009215352,0.0008031356,0.001149771,0.04858926],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001474615,0.000400867,0.004485868,0.7013768,0.2781944,0.0004004639,0.0005262254,0.0003680278,0.0002492681,0.002578587,0.0098526,0.00009220987],"study_design_candidate":"systematic_review","study_design_consensus":"systematic_review","genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.001316251,0.9967365,0.0007238359,0.0003375818,0.0001712478,0.0003805175,0.0001352476,0.00000872305,0.0001901538],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.06374688,0.9262387,0.005616078,0.002338826,0.0002913426,0.001273341,0.0002409216,0.00003380885,0.000220153],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9168949,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4395069,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.6323140650078787,"score_gpt":0.5271705183621161,"score_spread":0.1051435466457625,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}