{"id":"W4385080226","doi":"10.60082/2817-5069.3875","title":"The Notwithstanding Clause in Canada: The First Forty Years","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Osgoode Hall law journal","topic":"Judicial and Constitutional Studies","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Charter; Period (music); Law; Political science; Physics","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0009607021,0.00005438056,0.00007715214,0.00001553012,0.004298758,0.0001296748,0.000294293,0.00002291723,0.00002703742],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001218273,0.00003073585,0.00004117612,0.0002957618,0.0003332234,0.00008600206,0.00005463715,0.0002441487,0.00002232246],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004927557,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0008112287,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.9926803,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9999644,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988895,0.00006984223,0.0001569701,0.00007043155,0.0004665523,0.0003466719],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994735,0.000299079,0.00006164787,0.00006053712,0.00004394164,0.00006130053],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000007893648,0.00000332522,0.0207023,4.546312e-7,0.00002000087,0.00007231948,0.001386063,0.00008718637,5.864654e-7,0.9687445,0.007440859,0.001534502],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002270564,0.00001008594,0.1347467,0.0000474934,0.00001265458,0.00001354756,0.01988558,0.00002983713,0.000002283723,0.2301565,0.6147436,0.0001246668],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.06325706,0.001243007,0.00001596323,0.05452725,0.002130515,0.0002060695,0.00001099093,0.00003774731,0.8785714],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9979621,0.001065828,0.000003758816,0.0004279057,0.0003646213,0.000004965347,2.315049e-7,0.000003457973,0.0001670843],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9347051,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9969975,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.03167387430752809,"score_gpt":0.2660268809878027,"score_spread":0.2343530066802746,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}