{"id":"W4385271576","doi":"10.1080/1369183x.2023.2235905","title":"Navigating bureaucratic violence in Canada’s two-step immigration system","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies","topic":"Employment and Welfare Studies","field":"Health Professions","cited_by":20,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Ottawa; University of Manitoba; McGill University; York University; University of Toronto","funders":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Bureaucracy; Immigration; Residence; Accountability; State (computer science); Precarity; Political science; Immigration policy; Sociology; Demographic economics; Economic growth; Economics; Law; Politics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001062119,0.0001172313,0.0003804289,0.00007013138,0.0004204425,0.000004356893,0.00005606896,0.00003820062,0.000002804674],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002580189,0.00008415621,0.00003588385,0.0003547848,0.00003271165,0.0001495877,0.00005815038,0.0004189298,0.000005792951],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004197625,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004053055,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.3132938,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9541657,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9982797,0.0002584398,0.0008415941,0.0001070935,0.0002778097,0.0002353609],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9983423,0.0006528859,0.0005274213,0.000065527,0.0003642577,0.00004765604],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009635597,0.00002222422,0.858657,0.001144328,0.0003287705,0.0000994208,0.06548671,0.0002316685,0.0007504307,0.001720918,0.03458505,0.03687711],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00139681,0.0001384433,0.4723371,0.00697645,0.00008863815,0.00001133211,0.5163314,0.001203886,0.00004801308,0.0004416754,0.0008267902,0.0001994572],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9835816,0.009387223,0.0000646655,0.005880658,0.0007277083,0.0002134724,0.000003605333,0.00002051264,0.0001205339],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.988952,0.01035693,0.00005036535,0.0002029162,0.0002152129,0.00002910371,0.0000026467,0.000007674073,0.0001831561],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6408719,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6912791,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.09955462274565227,"score_gpt":0.4594068873445098,"score_spread":0.3598522645988576,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}