{"id":"W4385298684","doi":"10.1126/science.abg0818","title":"Language trees with sampled ancestors support a hybrid model for the origin of Indo-European languages","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Science","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":129,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Carleton University","funders":"Max-Planck-Institut für Evolutionäre Anthropologie; Max-Planck-Gesellschaft","keywords":"Linguistics; Indo-European languages; Indo-Pacific; Geography; Biology; Computer science; Evolutionary biology; History; Ecology; Philosophy","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001348872,0.00006202595,0.00007769593,0.00005646834,0.0005741667,0.00005679441,0.0005066522,0.00001087066,0.00003324448],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002780687,0.00003360114,0.00003551749,0.0008331973,0.0007935911,0.0002943239,0.00004116314,0.00004430248,0.00001997222],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003732812,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002646661,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0009264749,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.003464213,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989365,0.0000401245,0.00009420948,0.0001849155,0.0004428944,0.0003013884],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995185,0.00009232548,0.00006936813,0.0001670004,0.00009390897,0.00005896861],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001579282,0.0001240303,0.01133117,0.00007108792,0.0000544163,0.00008466579,0.6906383,0.007682642,0.08165612,0.03795267,0.01323711,0.1570098],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003078159,0.0008671313,0.131963,0.0002101941,0.0002057289,0.00002449526,0.6568846,0.1142861,0.02083873,0.002756609,0.0673036,0.001581651],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9887031,0.0001392636,0.001684952,0.000667783,0.0001035922,0.0003288591,0.00003517525,0.0001304815,0.008206748],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.994867,0.00002792967,0.0003575716,0.00009565627,0.00009955502,0.00001614705,0.000006348527,0.000005439785,0.004524399],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1554282,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4416084,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.04509229086824111,"score_gpt":0.3462889324604582,"score_spread":0.301196641592217,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}