{"id":"W4385298684","doi":"10.1126/science.abg0818","title":"Language trees with sampled ancestors support a hybrid model for the origin of Indo-European languages","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Science","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":129,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Carleton University","funders":"Max-Planck-Institut für Evolutionäre Anthropologie; Max-Planck-Gesellschaft","keywords":"Linguistics; Indo-European languages; Indo-Pacific; Geography; Biology; Computer science; Evolutionary biology; History; Ecology; Philosophy","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002462959,0.000494361,0.0006644112,0.00214031,0.002443761,0.002349338,0.001150867,0.0008384291,0.008010842],"category_scores_gemma":[0.006799444,0.0003849528,0.0007883853,0.00234812,0.001809113,0.002519763,0.001665141,0.001435655,0.002074226],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0009211298,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0007145181,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002325472,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.006824485,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991463,0.0002402427,0.00005491577,0.0004045923,0.00006153096,0.00009235922],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9970044,0.001504927,0.0004023522,0.0005673918,0.0003094709,0.0002113732],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001635173,0.0002200662,0.726067,0.0012402,0.002780355,0.002395625,0.01237653,0.03122385,0.03028672,0.04484449,0.009258169,0.1376719],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003141492,0.0002953682,0.6704322,0.0004538744,0.001479629,0.007011151,0.00650798,0.1024751,0.003410136,0.1582631,0.04905567,0.0003016445],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9508312,0.001543607,0.03236939,0.0007958994,0.00008686302,0.00003529958,0.002523992,0.0004606172,0.01135327],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.988889,0.0002828685,0.007204896,0.0002005499,0.00004509846,0.00003227923,0.002396987,0.0001360486,0.0008122319],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.008010842,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0267989,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.04509229086824111,"score_gpt":0.3462889324604582,"score_spread":0.301196641592217,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}