{"id":"W4385357922","doi":"10.1002/cae.22669","title":"What influences computational thinking? A theoretical and empirical study based on the influence of learning engagement on computational thinking in higher education","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Computer Applications in Engineering Education","topic":"Online Learning and Analytics","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":27,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Brandon University","funders":"","keywords":"Computational thinking; Student engagement; Mathematics education; Psychology; Empirical research; Critical thinking; Computer science; Epistemology","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0009865446,0.0001750302,0.0001683324,0.0006627311,0.0001874772,0.0002625639,0.000554633,0.00005768878,0.000003758312],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00008013775,0.000151593,0.00003225103,0.001528762,0.00006577066,0.0002654489,0.0001431124,0.0004833159,0.000009691566],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001050422,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002883656,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000007446067,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":8.248836e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9983237,0.0002053175,0.0003957119,0.0004251728,0.0004655035,0.0001845606],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9977879,0.001590141,0.0001234041,0.0003207141,0.0001298035,0.00004802175],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000001810473,0.0004277503,0.02949512,0.00002703731,0.000005215073,2.691049e-7,0.002018039,0.7739248,0.000001977515,0.1916824,0.00003158663,0.002384056],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001130612,0.00007098845,0.3639416,0.0001975346,0.000003327015,5.247131e-7,0.0002881051,0.6044435,0.000001203926,0.03072724,0.0001157517,0.00009709739],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9189361,0.00002687047,0.06978147,0.01017615,0.0002818608,0.0005909106,6.036849e-7,0.0001641605,0.0000419181],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9812956,0.000006452717,0.01769959,0.0006046857,0.00008818183,0.0002446651,0.00003130032,0.00001347088,0.00001599024],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3344465,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6181784,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01760804832013143,"score_gpt":0.3177099127098034,"score_spread":0.300101864389672,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}