{"id":"W4385386606","doi":"10.18280/ria.370318","title":"Deep Ensemble Learning for Fake Digital Image Detection: A Convolutional Neural Network-Based Approach","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Revue d intelligence artificielle","topic":"Digital Media Forensic Detection","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Convolutional neural network; Artificial intelligence; Deep learning; Computer science; Ensemble learning; Image (mathematics); Pattern recognition (psychology); Machine learning","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001183903,0.0009837464,0.001015223,0.001148502,0.0003526149,0.0007088644,0.001259896,0.0007768121,0.0007459408],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001872884,0.000333743,0.0006343134,0.0007052701,0.0002810131,0.001315467,0.0009999889,0.001548902,0.0003299149],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0008070063,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0007477083,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.009508437,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01025156,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9995937,0.00007409062,0.0000179314,0.00009856365,0.0001206068,0.00009516055],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993756,0.0001850741,0.00006473063,0.000104038,0.0002281201,0.00004248245],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002134182,0.0002727496,0.008061131,0.00005909793,0.0002285119,0.0001475134,0.00009717665,0.4522877,0.006853023,0.004329821,0.004626585,0.5228233],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000001291203,0.00002310019,0.0003864102,0.000004272931,0.00001271826,0.00001922261,0.000007769516,0.9974855,0.001004996,0.0007697512,0.0002816813,0.000003316793],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.1788939,0.003181771,0.8075172,0.0008575316,0.0001804921,0.0001239075,0.0003198596,0.003192752,0.005732453],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9112508,0.000662534,0.08351332,0.0001981404,0.00009411798,0.00004956359,0.0005616926,0.00005154997,0.003618212],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.009508437,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01890618,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.03180148279165217,"score_gpt":0.2453865405870032,"score_spread":0.213585057795351,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}