{"id":"W4385417819","doi":"10.1111/ejss.13403","title":"Maize straw is more effective than maize straw biochar at improving soil N availability and gross N transformation rate","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"European Journal of Soil Science","topic":"Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Dynamics","field":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","cited_by":13,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"Earmarked Fund for China Agriculture Research System; National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Biochar; Amendment; Straw; Nitrification; Chemistry; Leaching (pedology); Agronomy; Soil water; Mineralization (soil science); Ammonium; Animal science; Nitrogen; Environmental science; Environmental chemistry; Soil science; Biology","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00423055,0.0001829426,0.0002077167,0.00005851221,0.0005674649,0.000236365,0.0004907668,0.00003439901,0.00005262933],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001564597,0.00007998488,0.0001340823,0.0009549793,0.0006154401,0.0006225255,0.000149203,0.0002362524,0.00006773073],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00009004987,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003436542,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001112414,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001790346,"domain_scores_codex":[0.997985,0.0002715497,0.0004263471,0.0003312167,0.0005491166,0.0004367818],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989657,0.0001518258,0.0002953057,0.00008141377,0.0002135106,0.0002921912],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000119387,0.00004005259,0.01562419,0.00002797994,0.00001338183,0.000070996,0.001971318,0.00005390115,0.9180326,0.00003754746,0.000107357,0.06390126],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004281967,0.0005830262,0.9316624,0.0000489226,0.00002042026,0.0001150609,0.001410008,0.003457141,0.06179945,0.0001515173,0.00009083375,0.0002330539],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9977413,0.00009006577,0.000009235421,0.000921851,0.0002368673,0.0001492504,0.0000387408,0.00004983689,0.0007628651],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9994311,0.0001094323,0.00002673304,0.0001788623,0.0001479626,0.000001127829,0.000004053855,0.000002691655,0.00009798691],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9160382,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4364538,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01325202143836377,"score_gpt":0.2189499431145359,"score_spread":0.2056979216761721,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}