{"id":"W4385423973","doi":"10.3390/app13158820","title":"An Explanation of the LSTM Model Used for DDoS Attacks Classification","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Sciences","topic":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":24,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Institute of Population and Public Health; King Saud University","keywords":"Denial-of-service attack; Computer science; Artificial intelligence; Ambiguity; Machine learning; Classifier (UML); Deep learning; Relevance (law); The Internet","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000509807,0.0007133767,0.0002801848,0.0006468379,0.0002450796,0.0006905267,0.0006828324,0.0008817851,0.003935785],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00308197,0.0001736183,0.0005700203,0.0005024332,0.0003339148,0.001135305,0.0004026347,0.0009532388,0.0005405307],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006063557,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0005336471,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.003727084,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.003803492,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9997917,0.00006607576,0.00001781487,0.00005412319,0.00004415633,0.00002633777],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991028,0.0004505909,0.0000887075,0.00009729224,0.000231475,0.0000291105],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0008718076,0.0001800983,0.02541021,0.0003974218,0.0002272526,0.001688092,0.001287299,0.3865575,0.03480343,0.08548658,0.0186532,0.4444371],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001889772,0.00005002631,0.001602044,0.00002995155,0.00003142595,0.0001679629,0.00007060737,0.9708081,0.005594998,0.01941168,0.002195264,0.00001915499],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.1234105,0.000792406,0.8621719,0.003392972,0.0003049426,0.00009149264,0.001542805,0.002357612,0.005935379],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8606305,0.0004705844,0.1333757,0.000329437,0.00007759132,0.00009421127,0.00113068,0.00009465075,0.003796543],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.003935785,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01316649,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.07246282160780187,"score_gpt":0.3104017873745401,"score_spread":0.2379389657667382,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}