{"id":"W4385434072","doi":"10.1007/978-3-030-97258-5_3","title":"Canada","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Ottawa","funders":"","keywords":"Decentralization; Fiscal federalism; Legislature; Federalism; Harmonization; Urbanization; Autonomy; Balance (ability); Economic policy; Regional autonomy; Public finance; Business; Political science; Economics; Economic growth; Politics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002179989,0.0005757877,0.0003456651,0.001518009,0.006451271,0.004803708,0.0008388751,0.001205385,0.2901216],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0005736817,0.0003165962,0.00032748,0.002635123,0.000831114,0.001087194,0.0009835041,0.001345207,0.06682598],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.03409032,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.03930776,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.9327927,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9806923,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9995234,0.00001548939,0.000009041896,0.00007627212,0.0002682552,0.0001075955],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994524,0.00002350442,0.00001071622,0.00002236145,0.000396859,0.00009417214],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002252831,0.00001544182,0.0006488042,0.0001591819,0.000004163727,0.0002186758,0.0004631187,0.000211903,0.0003537125,0.08545219,0.8179132,0.09453711],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00000142727,0.000001581916,0.0003429082,0.00003478456,0.000001182723,0.00003062934,0.0001028674,0.00004671726,0.00007638893,0.0008669296,0.9984912,0.000003367363],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","genre_scores_codex":[0.001041612,0.003472943,0.0003795856,0.003353419,0.0004899757,0.00003165907,0.003361344,0.000208275,0.9876611],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.004476571,0.001502656,0.0004014275,0.0004910345,0.00002840261,0.000008672036,0.0007834062,0.00006413557,0.9922436],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2901216,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02593931466964108,"score_gpt":0.2441568418325767,"score_spread":0.2182175271629356,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}