{"id":"W4385484172","doi":"10.1080/03080188.2023.2234216","title":"Choosing between prediction and explanation in geological engineering: lessons from psychology","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Interdisciplinary Science Reviews","topic":"Clinical Reasoning and Diagnostic Skills","field":"Medicine","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Field (mathematics); Engineering; Artificial intelligence; Engineering ethics; Psychology; Sociology; Computer science; Mathematics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00146366,0.0001012122,0.0003506401,0.0002604602,0.00007703569,0.00002215026,0.0001227429,0.00008061151,0.00002295072],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00729001,0.00007518104,0.0000509044,0.0008334146,0.0001999772,0.0001033475,0.000254458,0.0002188142,0.0001021792],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005162971,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003651542,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001043798,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000004557439,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987056,0.00004130199,0.0004203827,0.0004326241,0.0001515542,0.000248535],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9981073,0.00141582,0.00006817505,0.0002182975,0.00002446288,0.0001659667],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003218083,0.00008243311,0.6299639,0.00003817774,0.000008547877,0.0000815712,0.0009594012,0.00004347986,0.003436541,0.0001268235,0.001458117,0.3637688],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003412574,0.0001724528,0.9921939,0.001810139,0.00002088095,0.00002044108,0.00005278577,0.002776282,0.00005715586,0.00107927,0.001405247,0.00007022539],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.98717,0.001066255,0.001264339,0.009393921,0.0003110446,0.0002899124,0.00001046487,0.00008466489,0.0004094057],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9954704,0.002640367,0.001429778,0.0001457871,0.0001826268,0.00003611204,0.00005699042,0.000005827035,0.00003208725],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3636986,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8727349,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.1134898675960891,"score_gpt":0.4617269213640551,"score_spread":0.348237053767966,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}