{"id":"W4385515806","doi":"10.3390/fluids8080224","title":"Wavelet Transforms and Machine Learning Methods for the Study of Turbulence","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Fluids","topic":"Fluid Dynamics and Turbulent Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Memorial University of Newfoundland","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Turbulence; Artificial intelligence; Wavelet; Computer science; Machine learning; Artificial neural network; Unsupervised learning; Vortex; Coherence (philosophical gambling strategy); Wavelet transform; Energy cascade; Algorithm; Physics; Mechanics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002690317,0.001250321,0.001518274,0.002193742,0.0004843514,0.002058452,0.001052645,0.00186733,0.002933346],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00687817,0.0004414921,0.001333194,0.003463123,0.002326041,0.00261083,0.001713929,0.004911955,0.001317201],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0007552181,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001113725,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001601053,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0009390612,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986438,0.0005636794,0.0001222519,0.0001857248,0.0004266729,0.00005788322],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9970186,0.002211985,0.0002295839,0.0002330088,0.0002429938,0.00006391575],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004867317,0.00005299525,0.001200404,0.0009617525,0.0001958489,0.000242567,0.0002205812,0.07915235,0.003112121,0.7060575,0.01061359,0.1981416],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00002407244,0.00006047501,0.0008179779,0.0002809975,0.00003670637,0.00017985,0.00008634049,0.2556543,0.0009634345,0.6861958,0.05564424,0.00005576136],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.002610192,0.04668256,0.9400631,0.00318326,0.000877861,0.00004715622,0.0001875245,0.0002310622,0.006117351],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.1570101,0.1275098,0.690205,0.001543833,0.007896035,0.0005814176,0.001069349,0.000320202,0.0138642],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.002933346,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01422793,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02135103620202045,"score_gpt":0.2781342226889474,"score_spread":0.256783186486927,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}