{"id":"W4385517002","doi":"10.1109/tpwrd.2023.3301509","title":"Impact of Inverter-Based Resources on Different Implementation Methods for Distance Relays—Part I: Phase Comparators","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery","topic":"Power Systems Fault Detection","field":"Engineering","cited_by":20,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Protective relay; Inverter; Relay; Limiting; Grid; Reliability engineering; Engineering; Computer science; Electrical impedance; Comparator; Three-phase; Fault (geology); Electrical engineering; Electronic engineering; Voltage; Power (physics); Mechanical engineering; Mathematics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002326916,0.0007475359,0.000718588,0.001259141,0.0004545542,0.001915044,0.001780947,0.001061845,0.004017347],"category_scores_gemma":[0.01427012,0.0002642096,0.0003938034,0.001224575,0.0006657864,0.003033868,0.0008616183,0.0007998496,0.0008133526],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001025496,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003621329,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0008006404,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0007260698,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9966257,0.001210492,0.0003482915,0.0004273149,0.001178765,0.0002093525],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9869152,0.007863991,0.001632685,0.001363885,0.002067361,0.0001568787],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.008338647,0.0006786516,0.017096,0.004140888,0.000501267,0.001099898,0.0009976455,0.1231172,0.1401536,0.02669878,0.003707824,0.6734697],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0009721891,0.01747026,0.03278392,0.00120346,0.00129186,0.004773502,0.001897596,0.2512528,0.6132553,0.0169558,0.05782691,0.0003164123],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.6416809,0.006902713,0.3193054,0.000567949,0.0005151167,0.0004496125,0.0004661976,0.001985498,0.02812658],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9769892,0.0006695008,0.02053878,0.00009069764,0.00003858644,0.00004635144,0.0001253075,0.0001078383,0.001393726],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.004017347,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01343936,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.03300252348997501,"score_gpt":0.3732990688154893,"score_spread":0.3402965453255143,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}