{"id":"W4385582538","doi":"10.1177/00222429231195564","title":"Measuring Willingness to Pay: A Comparative Method of Valuation","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Marketing","topic":"Economic and Environmental Valuation","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":20,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Kellogg's (Canada); Concordia University","funders":"","keywords":"Willingness to pay; Ambiguity; Conceptualization; CLARITY; Valuation (finance); Situational ethics; Conjoint analysis; Contingent valuation; Computer science; Preference; Econometrics; Economics; Microeconomics; Psychology; Social psychology; Artificial intelligence","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0111687,0.00006615652,0.0003228968,0.0002201882,0.00004561009,0.00001607049,0.0001070247,0.00003230335,0.0001188813],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0006089869,0.00006517193,0.00009589759,0.0002081624,0.0000109882,0.0001767361,0.00003752484,0.0000938654,0.00009047143],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001100084,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001256058,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000009949038,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000001675233,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987982,0.0001190904,0.0007957194,0.0001121578,0.00006033526,0.0001144776],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9985762,0.000380566,0.0008764506,0.00007943795,0.0000387691,0.00004857987],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003407935,0.0001127133,0.8186682,0.0001140544,0.0002351989,0.000004204756,0.005868659,0.1362401,0.002866634,0.002587606,0.001274063,0.03168781],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004984651,0.00006885838,0.9568211,0.00009154937,0.00001133606,0.000007166323,0.0007282653,0.03709074,0.0007211864,0.00286142,0.000993007,0.0001069431],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9467694,0.0001237535,0.04950596,0.0003407628,0.0002931417,0.00008566033,0.000008440777,0.000005901894,0.002866975],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9824687,0.00006115859,0.01714846,0.0000382698,0.0001035865,0.000002500799,0.000001321805,0.000009097542,0.0001668951],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1381529,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3870872,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.322584910119521,"score_gpt":0.302345422817855,"score_spread":0.02023948730166597,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}