{"id":"W4385637344","doi":"10.1007/s10021-023-00864-y","title":"Standing Litter Modifies Top-Down Effects of Large Herbivores on a Grassland Plant Community","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Ecosystems","topic":"Ecology and Vegetation Dynamics Studies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"National Key Research and Development Program of China; National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Herbivore; Forb; Plant community; Biology; Grassland; Biomass (ecology); Ecology; Grazing; Foraging; Species richness; Species evenness; Litter; Ecosystem; Agronomy","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002362912,0.0002668707,0.0003985281,0.0003452345,0.000398051,0.0005916654,0.0002648136,0.0004105628,0.002214097],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0005913557,0.0002919596,0.000239953,0.0001425661,0.0003638777,0.0003305773,0.0005436101,0.000310873,0.0002616008],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003600714,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002402302,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.003107364,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01067236,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998684,0.00003574864,0.000006044387,0.00003951439,0.0000166563,0.00003354851],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991474,0.0002619762,0.0001091217,0.0000705781,0.00005080352,0.0003600659],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001828428,0.0003458579,0.1256873,0.0001058681,0.0002903181,0.0002035687,0.000267176,0.0005198806,0.8622717,0.0001042047,0.0001191526,0.008256653],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000133927,0.000357391,0.9919831,0.000004173935,0.00006820173,0.0000779893,0.000141739,0.00133352,0.005800976,0.00007083921,0.0001416172,0.000006993513],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9997178,0.00003467342,0.00004040939,0.000004238485,0.000001352974,0.000001024702,0.00001397743,0.000002988433,0.000183661],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9994262,0.00003659905,0.0001229016,0.00001977382,0.000002840469,0.000002148058,0.00005011302,0.000005605943,0.0003338382],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.003107364,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.00740689,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01178314639216678,"score_gpt":0.2411116025016532,"score_spread":0.2293284561094864,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}