{"id":"W4385640927","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.4531209","title":"Surname Diversity, Social Ties and Innovation","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"SSRN Electronic Journal","topic":"Culture, Economy, and Development Studies","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":13,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"Canadian Institute for Advanced Research","funders":"","keywords":"Diversity (politics); Immigration; Variation (astronomy); Interpersonal ties; Economic geography; Quality (philosophy); Sociology; Demographic economics; Geography; Social science; Economics; Anthropology","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001876245,0.00006113738,0.00009520886,0.0001776955,0.00314659,0.00008241085,0.0001069977,0.00005049619,0.00002253752],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000782007,0.00005788215,0.00002737441,0.0006175251,0.0001253048,0.0002198872,0.0001280227,0.0003967928,0.00003421058],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003947489,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0006570596,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002539646,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00628794,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986178,0.0000489929,0.0001246686,0.00008963812,0.0001948965,0.000924006],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997455,0.00002742535,0.00008241698,0.00001934059,0.00009983857,0.00002544907],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000009265113,0.000008324371,0.07850311,0.000002125181,0.00009733318,0.000001481584,0.02575819,5.819912e-7,0.00000653277,0.8768462,0.00633717,0.01242969],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000433169,0.00004321212,0.06784048,0.000005645463,0.00001792617,0.00000781519,0.1683112,0.000002252339,0.000003728013,0.6826778,0.08046472,0.0001920709],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.962548,0.0005240644,0.00008090941,0.008204498,0.0002798787,0.00006813294,0.000001348548,0.00007848969,0.02821467],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9782038,0.008030896,0.000006677985,0.0001111959,0.000470286,0.00000127262,0.000002502177,0.000003783591,0.0131696],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1941684,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9981512,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.04162960640062731,"score_gpt":0.2981201909600975,"score_spread":0.2564905845594702,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}