{"id":"W4385756293","doi":"10.2196/48620","title":"The Role of Social Media in Health Misinformation and Disinformation During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Bibliometric Analysis","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"JMIR Infodemiology","topic":"Misinformation and Its Impacts","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":45,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Medical Research Council; South African Medical Research Council; Department of Science and Innovation, South Africa","keywords":"Disinformation; Misinformation; Social media; Pandemic; Dissemination; Political science; Microblogging; Information Dissemination; Public health; Internet privacy; Public relations; Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19); Medicine; Computer science; World Wide Web; Law","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":["bibliometrics"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.01340999,0.0009279767,0.002581819,0.2160338,0.00193257,0.00805972,0.001369369,0.001212171,0.003863318],"category_scores_gemma":[0.1270182,0.0004278926,0.00329294,0.3324287,0.001608291,0.006086369,0.003360109,0.0008559463,0.0007697575],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.003896119,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.008343338,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01111742,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01209952,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9762339,0.004938309,0.006710727,0.001894778,0.009228759,0.000993588],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.7920879,0.1537134,0.03012676,0.004094713,0.01806533,0.001911901],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0005657052,0.0001843411,0.6018442,0.08971446,0.006215077,0.001421444,0.008856247,0.00306535,0.001232471,0.008332275,0.02776419,0.2508043],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001197559,0.0002370049,0.7863391,0.02728922,0.01076306,0.002707816,0.01900128,0.008979944,0.001848974,0.01144899,0.1309103,0.0003546432],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.533738,0.237121,0.007787912,0.01180212,0.0008188235,0.002384905,0.1671468,0.0007874368,0.03841308],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8595647,0.09096171,0.009577009,0.0004255297,0.0007344519,0.001705116,0.03462436,0.0001615009,0.002245557],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7839662,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.07091963,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.07257178047670944,"score_gpt":0.4174131855512324,"score_spread":0.344841405074523,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}