{"id":"W4385804367","doi":"10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2023.118122","title":"Improving the mechanical performance of press-hardened steel resistance spot welds via in-situ grain refinement","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Materials Processing Technology","topic":"Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Steels","field":"Engineering","cited_by":21,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"Natural Resources Canada; University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Equiaxed crystals; Materials science; Austenite; Recrystallization (geology); Metallurgy; Dynamic recrystallization; Welding; Martensite; Composite material; Microstructure; Hot working; Geology","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008869347,0.0001638279,0.0004369047,0.0002478833,0.00006203091,0.00003449704,0.0005670655,0.000230003,0.00001706287],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001014082,0.0001096931,0.0000454585,0.000346181,0.00007916518,0.0001492424,0.0001442178,0.0003219533,0.000003349301],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005793004,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004012273,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000002777497,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001347389,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9984351,0.00003155887,0.0008644144,0.0001346535,0.0002201313,0.0003141499],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999222,0.00002034356,0.0003651678,0.0002390997,0.0001231652,0.00003015668],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001476383,0.00001200244,0.000002986397,0.0005876176,0.00001894253,0.00001524227,0.0000901101,0.0003405675,0.9851783,0.0001115829,0.0002284384,0.01326656],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004441484,0.0001452347,0.00007411953,0.0003978459,0.00002176019,0.0000511157,0.00008473567,0.0003605246,0.9953198,0.001252612,0.001730122,0.0001179645],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9967302,0.001147747,0.0005697663,0.0006278052,0.0005616816,0.000136962,0.000003709985,0.0001319424,0.00009016767],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9973366,0.0003465991,0.002074272,0.00002507053,0.00008779243,0.000010652,9.025402e-7,0.00002990971,0.00008822001],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01314859,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4473155,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.009931994439434039,"score_gpt":0.2099734416386754,"score_spread":0.2000414471992413,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}