{"id":"W4385837961","doi":"10.1007/s10040-023-02690-x","title":"A combined laboratory and field-based experimental approach to characterize the heterogeneity of granular aquifers","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Hydrogeology Journal","topic":"Groundwater flow and contamination studies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"Université du Québec à Chicoutimi; University of Waterloo","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Université du Québec à Chicoutimi","keywords":"Aquifer; Geology; Hydrogeology; Aquifer properties; Sorting; Hydraulic conductivity; Lithology; Geomorphology; Sediment transport; Soil science; Sediment; Hydrology (agriculture); Groundwater; Petrology; Geotechnical engineering; Groundwater recharge","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003446276,0.00008812761,0.0001383928,0.00004426516,0.000226322,0.00001588565,0.0001555414,0.00004006057,0.00009995124],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002171655,0.00006103725,0.00003667913,0.0002193231,0.0001900477,0.00006391619,0.0001437314,0.0001061672,0.00004219191],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002217846,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000008300907,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002342301,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000006499936,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992356,0.000113883,0.0001682445,0.0001369241,0.0001601929,0.0001851453],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996848,0.00004952224,0.00006504294,0.0001140062,0.00001393837,0.00007268057],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001849196,0.0002504055,0.7100409,0.0000106871,0.00008058896,0.00005024801,0.003484171,0.0003170031,0.27821,0.0001112655,0.00471984,0.002540071],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002092835,0.0008057788,0.7081862,0.00001117024,0.0000425836,0.0001317759,0.001439926,0.002814343,0.2731526,0.00008873957,0.01092809,0.0003059054],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9970943,0.0000498043,0.0009683197,0.00151834,0.0001029063,0.0001072707,0.000003574106,0.00001611627,0.0001393239],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9984956,0.000007848615,0.0001159782,0.001257836,0.00001782493,0.00002365054,0.000003050975,0.000005236398,0.00007301044],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.006208254,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2489027,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01656047630855045,"score_gpt":0.2339547615677153,"score_spread":0.2173942852591648,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}