{"id":"W4385852643","doi":"10.1017/9781009374712.008","title":"Information Costs","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Cambridge University Press eBooks","topic":"Innovation, Sustainability, Human-Machine Systems","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Simon Fraser University","funders":"","keywords":"Transaction cost; Variance (accounting); Database transaction; Business; Computer science; Industrial organization; Economics; Microeconomics; Database; Accounting","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007593969,0.0002709699,0.0003150445,0.000442317,0.0009245817,0.0001561671,0.0006154275,0.0004918891,0.00001070666],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000168366,0.0003515891,0.0001614517,0.0000419959,0.0004930859,0.0005227862,0.0002718649,0.0004415342,0.0001464435],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001665754,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0006049328,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.008227557,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002854634,"domain_scores_codex":[0.998243,0.0001308301,0.0003250827,0.0002533539,0.0006725925,0.0003751306],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.997853,0.000131087,0.0004034119,0.0004583064,0.001016763,0.0001374657],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001828192,0.000002796554,0.00001101222,0.0001043786,0.00004647632,0.0000236284,0.002264071,0.000002426906,3.832945e-7,0.9396394,0.0566124,0.00127474],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002495878,0.00001823909,0.00006438898,0.00009213069,0.00004993253,9.204741e-7,0.002903671,0.00001474767,0.000003095877,0.0001344249,0.996119,0.0003498859],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","genre_scores_codex":[0.0001617361,0.000009311689,0.0002168499,0.00009235378,0.0008925034,0.001042645,0.0001738389,0.0005258547,0.9968849],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.007020412,0.00002395868,0.00001111291,0.00006569129,0.0003563534,0.000001938983,0.0001977797,0.00003221039,0.9922906],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9395066,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998936,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02465199135512227,"score_gpt":0.2486398881869422,"score_spread":0.2239878968318199,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}