{"id":"W4385859568","doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-34593-7_65","title":"H3PO4 and NaOH Treated Canola Straw Biochar for Arsenic Adsorption","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Lecture notes in civil engineering","topic":"Arsenic contamination and mitigation","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"Global Institute for Water Security; University of Saskatchewan","funders":"","keywords":"Biochar; Chemistry; Adsorption; Straw; Canola; Phosphoric acid; Sodium hydroxide; Biomass (ecology); Pyrolysis; Arsenic; Nuclear chemistry; Arsenate; Raw material; Arsenite; Pulp and paper industry; Environmental chemistry; Agronomy; Inorganic chemistry; Organic chemistry; Food science; Biology","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000102461,0.0003433928,0.0002568994,0.0002695735,0.0002392893,0.0003086542,0.0006008876,0.0004060332,0.003978163],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00009470894,0.0002131052,0.0004629814,0.0004192399,0.00008666097,0.0003597886,0.0001912804,0.0005898353,0.001338044],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002955812,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000272274,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002060072,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00718281,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9999254,0.000006233574,0.00000357422,0.00001359575,0.00003642375,0.00001477573],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9999764,0.000006670104,0.000002159413,0.000003131347,0.000008075175,0.000003603832],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001838651,0.000120803,0.0001072164,0.0003445065,0.0000227644,0.0001080905,0.00003007171,0.0007054409,0.9715948,0.0004766751,0.0009358024,0.02537001],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000007246749,0.0002630309,0.0008994485,0.00001324824,0.00002268793,0.00009281899,0.00003928614,0.001348163,0.9849674,0.0001729362,0.01216331,0.00001039302],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8833774,0.02811285,0.01634798,0.001016129,0.001184901,0.0002550573,0.001425168,0.0005197583,0.0677608],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8158605,0.01287789,0.01247119,0.0002661347,0.00007608339,0.00009143138,0.001346296,0.00008432288,0.1569262],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.003978163,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01330829,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01003347479737688,"score_gpt":0.2007349549355597,"score_spread":0.1907014801381828,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}