{"id":"W4386010315","doi":"10.1111/oik.10065","title":"Patchy indirect effects of predation: predators contribute to landscape heterogeneity and ecosystem function via localized pathways","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Oikos","topic":"Wildlife Ecology and Conservation","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":21,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Manitoba","funders":"Natural Resources Canada; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Minnesota Environment and Natural Resources Trust Fund; University of Minnesota; Legislative-Citizen Commission on Minnesota Resources; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Predation; Ecology; Ecosystem; Trophic level; Biology; Trophic cascade; Apex predator; Abundance (ecology); Biodiversity; Population; Spatial heterogeneity; Predator","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001278265,0.0007449058,0.001016533,0.001384634,0.0006502846,0.002558673,0.0007744133,0.000702392,0.004250688],"category_scores_gemma":[0.003640192,0.0003122351,0.001479786,0.0009442825,0.001778134,0.002422229,0.002260728,0.001412264,0.0002393968],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001919038,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001390985,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.005764158,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00751136,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994223,0.0001759569,0.0000557263,0.0001928359,0.00009865405,0.00005451297],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9980481,0.001140859,0.0002086327,0.0002343209,0.0002830137,0.00008500506],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0005269917,0.0001564751,0.07976454,0.02349571,0.002791245,0.001610652,0.008544808,0.04202804,0.03297884,0.4174711,0.00557587,0.3850556],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00006016452,0.0004332573,0.2663756,0.009333512,0.00535184,0.001550907,0.005812213,0.03555134,0.01225104,0.5156462,0.147328,0.0003059712],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.4331258,0.1497397,0.3116516,0.01217136,0.0008389957,0.0003560995,0.004389537,0.0004796578,0.0872472],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9341125,0.03468236,0.02682979,0.001051498,0.0001970404,0.0001639206,0.0005588028,0.00006305132,0.002340979],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.005764158,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01421994,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.007840158689631756,"score_gpt":0.2004364122862002,"score_spread":0.1925962535965685,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}