{"id":"W4386010315","doi":"10.1111/oik.10065","title":"Patchy indirect effects of predation: predators contribute to landscape heterogeneity and ecosystem function via localized pathways","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Oikos","topic":"Wildlife Ecology and Conservation","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":21,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Manitoba","funders":"Natural Resources Canada; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Minnesota Environment and Natural Resources Trust Fund; University of Minnesota; Legislative-Citizen Commission on Minnesota Resources; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Predation; Ecology; Ecosystem; Trophic level; Biology; Trophic cascade; Apex predator; Abundance (ecology); Biodiversity; Population; Spatial heterogeneity; Predator","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002891922,0.00008613656,0.0001476318,0.00004122726,0.0000895292,0.000009945271,0.00006797298,0.00008710883,0.0001177214],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00008385979,0.0000805997,0.0000266946,0.0002907785,0.00002418513,0.0001198944,0.00009174503,0.00004386389,0.0003220085],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003802133,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000007585501,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002609954,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0003623398,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992198,0.0001090685,0.0001629451,0.0002184153,0.0001367779,0.0001529756],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995606,0.0001359353,0.0000760433,0.0001452736,0.000009991624,0.00007218583],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007260284,0.00002540307,0.9861252,0.00004824808,0.00002495729,0.000003791757,0.0001475246,0.0002902535,0.005437442,0.00001478341,0.003052384,0.004757393],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005227566,0.0002051858,0.9832382,0.00002106135,0.00002578778,0.000002476838,0.00001659636,0.002634369,0.01145224,0.0001441515,0.001645708,0.00009150952],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9973138,0.00001619299,0.001573147,0.0001320055,0.0002432167,0.0004247188,0.00002302732,0.00008145453,0.0001924305],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9995334,0.000008274443,0.00004090301,0.0001879862,0.00002507771,0.00008897286,0.00004387708,0.000006890462,0.00006462642],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.006014797,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4138876,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.007840158689631756,"score_gpt":0.2004364122862002,"score_spread":0.1925962535965685,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}