{"id":"W4386028766","doi":"10.3390/soilsystems7030076","title":"Analysis of Molecular Structure Changes in Humic Acids from Manure-Amended Soils over 17 Years Using Elemental Analysis and Solid-State 13C Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Soil Systems","topic":"Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Dynamics","field":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada; University of Guelph","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs; Grain Farmers of Ontario","keywords":"Manure; Chemistry; Compost; Soil water; Humic acid; Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy; Nutrient; Environmental chemistry; Lignin; Organic matter; Organic chemistry; Agronomy; Fertilizer; Biology","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001746546,0.0001762307,0.0005345766,0.0002180332,0.00005600245,0.00007597258,0.0001795,0.000107565,0.0001186628],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00000791372,0.00009881921,0.0001711928,0.002914365,0.0000651285,0.0000461488,0.00008768353,0.0001021687,0.000002175417],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006576627,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000005777159,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.009200024,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.03041939,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9984995,0.0001231855,0.0003091796,0.000409919,0.0003279906,0.0003302946],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995822,0.00004490448,0.0001495191,0.0001217063,0.00002637983,0.00007526148],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000331474,0.00002078767,0.2947339,0.00001009537,0.0005156819,0.00003917418,0.0003432196,0.001691487,0.7015259,0.00001455008,0.00001104247,0.001061106],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002004064,0.00009625506,0.8465048,0.00002292516,0.0007306311,0.000001156046,0.0009083481,0.1465953,0.00460576,0.00009649759,0.0000303517,0.0002075859],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9982239,0.0008932864,9.067864e-7,0.0000294751,0.00006932031,0.0001422992,0.0005738154,0.00004175505,0.0000252381],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.999485,0.000136343,0.00002842028,0.00004098089,0.00004286804,0.000004800637,0.0002143356,0.000003421233,0.00004383915],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6969201,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9973978,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.009694824179318908,"score_gpt":0.2361124782227764,"score_spread":0.2264176540434575,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}