{"id":"W4386040283","doi":"10.1093/acrefore/9780190264079.013.756","title":"Policing Violent Extremism in Canada and the United States","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"reference-entry","venue":"Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Criminology and Criminal Justice","topic":"Gun Ownership and Violence Research","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Toronto Metropolitan University","funders":"","keywords":"Violent extremism; Law enforcement; Political science; Criminology; Context (archaeology); Underpinning; Public relations; Enforcement; National security; Terrorism; Sociology; Law; Engineering; Geography","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts","research_integrity"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.004615794,0.0003194893,0.000709397,0.001021392,0.0009390261,0.00007792674,0.0009025253,0.0005266127,0.00007529394],"category_scores_gemma":[0.004208496,0.000229638,0.00006158033,0.0006791704,0.003882751,0.0001081522,0.0006106697,0.002673685,0.000004629381],"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005286919,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.006692925,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.9873695,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9484703,"domain_scores_codex":[0.992606,0.002877417,0.0006037846,0.000620147,0.001593877,0.001698716],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9900169,0.00848267,0.0001748198,0.0003689053,0.0005598832,0.0003968675],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","study_design_scores_codex":[0.002052667,0.0001861507,0.008017676,0.01201716,0.000251219,0.0007530618,0.1142666,0.00003830762,0.000001282463,0.1081507,0.05062271,0.7036424],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002016885,0.0002866459,0.01268379,0.002446924,0.000845488,0.00002213746,0.488728,0.0003417913,0.000005227793,0.01799024,0.4739718,0.0006611639],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.7583659,0.007969573,0.000006582567,0.004894241,0.000850494,0.0009738698,0.00009901834,0.00003191594,0.2268084],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.08466661,0.9005414,0.00001837559,0.000155981,0.0004340204,0.0001113052,0.00008613656,0.00003295545,0.01395319],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8925719,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9996272,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.1354683483740067,"score_gpt":0.3926998564678257,"score_spread":0.2572315080938191,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}