{"id":"W4386082788","doi":"10.1017/jfm.2023.559","title":"Spike formation theory in three-dimensional flow separation","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Fluid Mechanics","topic":"Fluid Dynamics and Turbulent Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Polytechnique Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Curvature; Flow (mathematics); Flow separation; Principal curvature; Separation (statistics); Invariant (physics); Boundary (topology); Mechanics; Mathematical analysis; Classical mechanics; Geometry; Physics; Mathematics; Boundary layer; Mean curvature; Mathematical physics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003279396,0.0004200185,0.0004202658,0.0009898938,0.0008723098,0.0009988766,0.0009157865,0.0009566111,0.001790142],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0008180041,0.0002359457,0.0005838133,0.0003489627,0.001955706,0.001614337,0.001318929,0.001092938,0.0003124832],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001620128,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0006389247,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00164123,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0007385865,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998382,0.00002235127,0.000006515766,0.00002289928,0.00007558489,0.00003438065],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997117,0.00004860389,0.00005358761,0.00003273109,0.00008147689,0.00007181134],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002055243,0.00001943202,0.0003210415,0.00002700535,0.000006737645,0.0001535688,0.0001933999,0.06545763,0.008861401,0.9192831,0.000495153,0.005161138],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001336544,0.00005190975,0.0004706576,0.000008578675,0.000004492999,0.0001168592,0.0000663896,0.6915947,0.002535857,0.3034455,0.001663996,0.00002776857],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.2074752,0.0005223089,0.7637936,0.0006088491,0.0001791106,0.00005152156,0.00008463943,0.000375029,0.02690975],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9497749,0.0003202929,0.03956557,0.0001254067,0.00009309426,0.00006674194,0.00006298401,0.00009087861,0.009900005],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.001790142,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01175493,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01007327411544722,"score_gpt":0.2229832114191815,"score_spread":0.2129099373037343,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}