{"id":"W4386089227","doi":"10.1017/9781108866477.007","title":"Standards of Liability","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Cambridge University Press eBooks","topic":"International Maritime Law Issues","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Liability; Due diligence; Strict liability; Legal liability; Business; Diligence; Law and economics; Political science; Economics; Law; Accounting; Psychology","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.01289523,0.0009286968,0.0008451504,0.002039933,0.004053148,0.01117069,0.002583805,0.007939906,0.01356948],"category_scores_gemma":[0.02922479,0.0007964419,0.0008080467,0.001582091,0.01556393,0.009459964,0.003637488,0.008672201,0.007088138],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.004699461,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.006702848,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002682115,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002712759,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9826767,0.005306292,0.001574741,0.001486056,0.008201512,0.0007546455],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9883981,0.006196288,0.0007582152,0.002122794,0.002220499,0.0003040818],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[8.903049e-7,0.000003705637,0.00002121267,0.00001994074,9.932769e-7,0.000007138702,0.0001782906,0.0001644565,0.00004909436,0.9914649,0.00468597,0.003403529],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000003182428,0.0000114466,0.00008174626,0.0002160553,0.000002958405,0.00006634494,0.0001918001,0.0002733983,0.0001531984,0.8328834,0.1661066,0.000009992296],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","genre_scores_codex":[0.001567703,0.005439577,0.0779736,0.0228043,0.001305963,0.0002281041,0.0001984125,0.0001977723,0.8902845],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.3357072,0.0206252,0.1861748,0.03687858,0.005524671,0.00221148,0.0008796168,0.0006173418,0.4113812],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01356948,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.06819731,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01509445916124456,"score_gpt":0.2081227699943654,"score_spread":0.1930283108331209,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}