{"id":"W4386095574","doi":"10.1080/08865655.2023.2249929","title":"Are Borderlands More Violent? A Spatial Analysis of Border Dis (Orders) in North and West Africa <b> <i>Borders and conflicts in North and West Africa</i> </b> , by OECD/SWAC, Paris, OECD Publishing, 2022, 128 pp., $48.00 (paperback), ISBN: 9789264740211","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Borderlands Studies","topic":"Cross-Border Cooperation and Integration","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"North west; Geography; Political science; Economic geography; Development economics; Ethnology; Sociology; Economics; Physical geography","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001255332,0.0004929054,0.001443142,0.0009456755,0.0006894551,0.0006926371,0.0003406708,0.000269054,0.0001717097],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001278465,0.0004209954,0.0001809507,0.003027151,0.0008407314,0.001425275,0.0002244384,0.0007424019,0.000003183025],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001322587,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002519475,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.004743726,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.4130951,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9958024,0.0003491948,0.001435295,0.0006189486,0.001056896,0.0007372858],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9968824,0.0005518211,0.001150278,0.0002560076,0.0008525398,0.0003069195],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002263536,0.0002798752,0.8903375,0.00009113718,0.0007526902,0.00004353217,0.0722381,0.0002713864,0.0000467061,0.00006468729,0.02876065,0.006887426],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003408108,0.0003523383,0.717233,0.0001252497,0.0004439762,0.000004618328,0.07248939,0.00149752,0.000008602199,0.00004995197,0.2038088,0.0005784566],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9456201,0.03902979,0.00003550779,0.01334969,0.0002859942,0.0004530144,0.0002930526,0.00004532746,0.0008875301],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8986049,0.100326,0.00005225233,0.000273377,0.0001332755,0.00003275295,0.0001030686,0.00003287219,0.0004415644],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4083514,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998242,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02403487950812429,"score_gpt":0.3274157791537883,"score_spread":0.303380899645664,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}