{"id":"W4386219672","doi":"10.1175/jcli-d-23-0068.1","title":"Robust Human Influence across the Troposphere, Surface, and Ocean: A Multivariate Analysis","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Climate","topic":"Climate Change Communication and Perception","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Environment and Climate Change Canada","funders":"Environment and Climate Change Canada; Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution","keywords":"Troposphere; Environmental science; Climatology; Multivariate statistics; Aerosol; Climate model; Atmospheric sciences; Sea surface temperature; Climate change; Greenhouse gas; Meteorology; Geography; Statistics; Geology; Oceanography; Mathematics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[{"model":"gpt","categories":[],"domain":null,"study_design":"observational","genre":"empirical","about_ca_system":false,"about_ca_topic":false,"confidence":"high","status":"direct model label, unvalidated"},{"model":"grok","categories":[],"domain":null,"study_design":"simulation_or_modeling","genre":"empirical","about_ca_system":false,"about_ca_topic":false,"confidence":"high","status":"direct model label, unvalidated"},{"model":"opus","categories":[],"domain":null,"study_design":"simulation_or_modeling","genre":"empirical","about_ca_system":false,"about_ca_topic":false,"confidence":"medium","status":"direct model label, unvalidated"}],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.003520149,0.000584468,0.0004877125,0.001893523,0.0004435638,0.001125458,0.0005448639,0.0003292861,0.002430388],"category_scores_gemma":[0.01279198,0.0001798885,0.001138369,0.002222994,0.0006819798,0.0008009956,0.001112771,0.0007826605,0.0002120525],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005109651,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0007183525,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.02258116,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01185037,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9984888,0.0007006247,0.00006445411,0.0003773971,0.000213567,0.0001552404],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9898414,0.005826453,0.001445218,0.001354322,0.00113322,0.0003993691],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0005091196,0.0002274914,0.8165173,0.0001359241,0.001348684,0.0002067218,0.0003851222,0.06221155,0.006292832,0.003443519,0.002581381,0.1061403],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001383061,0.0001098068,0.6465721,0.00002962871,0.0002249006,0.0000799719,0.0003470753,0.3443804,0.002186996,0.004415754,0.001562673,0.00007694666],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9188179,0.0003302485,0.07603467,0.0004286182,0.00004805941,0.00005003712,0.002134559,0.0002890029,0.001866841],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9927624,0.00006914706,0.00621311,0.0000146327,0.00003173573,0.00001224759,0.0005923792,0.00003342643,0.0002709118],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.02258116,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.2384136724417395,"score_gpt":0.4577338050729004,"score_spread":0.2193201326311609,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}