{"id":"W4386254593","doi":"10.1038/s41598-023-40637-0","title":"Structure and conductivity of ionomer in PEM fuel cell catalyst layers: a model-based analysis","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Scientific Reports","topic":"Fuel Cells and Related Materials","field":"Engineering","cited_by":46,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"University of Waterloo; Forschungszentrum Jülich; Deutscher Akademischer Austauschdienst","keywords":"Ionomer; Microstructure; Materials science; Conductivity; Proton exchange membrane fuel cell; Electrolyte; Percolation (cognitive psychology); Agglomerate; Composite material; Chemical engineering; Catalysis; Polymer; Chemistry; Electrode; Organic chemistry; Physical chemistry","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001344444,0.0003127971,0.0002795772,0.0004530464,0.0003033408,0.0006308489,0.0005648037,0.001098509,0.0007289877],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004539882,0.0002699217,0.0005102946,0.0003058122,0.0005381605,0.0006007173,0.0002892932,0.000347987,0.000115137],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001075486,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003794627,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.004876119,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002383613,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9999423,0.00001062095,0.000002719392,0.00001349565,0.00001766451,0.00001319552],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999904,0.00004576536,0.00001687927,0.00001003327,0.00001724368,0.000005902891],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000275767,0.00003179387,0.0007457281,0.00004416024,0.00001220116,0.0001141306,0.00003318375,0.9673214,0.02394169,0.005863615,0.0001243516,0.001740212],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000002457372,0.000008816393,0.0002145831,0.000002138793,0.000002994919,0.00001021292,0.000004779135,0.9969437,0.002183515,0.0004987461,0.0001251175,0.000003008849],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8581936,0.001782939,0.1228477,0.0005219171,0.00004597825,0.00007104408,0.0004664228,0.0003390958,0.01573138],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9939612,0.0003215686,0.004295718,0.00002679811,0.000005658104,0.00003112017,0.00005483105,0.00001628776,0.001286847],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.004876119,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.00969547,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.009635025074117815,"score_gpt":0.206727413332775,"score_spread":0.1970923882586572,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}