{"id":"W4386260571","doi":"10.1109/infocom53939.2023.10228873","title":"Tackling System Induced Bias in Federated Learning: Stratification and Convergence Analysis","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Privacy-Preserving Technologies in Data","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Convergence (economics); Computer science; Stratification (seeds); Econometrics; Machine learning; Mathematics; Economics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["open_science"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000794044,0.00009766662,0.0001689004,0.000591081,0.0001232107,0.0002880076,0.004557559,0.00009740501,0.000006008734],"category_scores_gemma":[0.005127143,0.00009228229,0.00002248521,0.004932149,0.00002505445,0.0004568431,0.01076039,0.0001991497,0.00005130053],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005588973,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003524562,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002547856,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001227086,"domain_scores_codex":[0.998713,0.0001140125,0.0002678708,0.0004873793,0.0001958649,0.0002218533],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9976556,0.0001803955,0.00009571772,0.001974681,0.00005712783,0.00003646934],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001600532,0.0001224783,0.7148697,0.0003475317,0.000719393,0.0002645483,0.001397315,0.00718689,0.07780968,0.09459884,0.01769462,0.08497294],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00007902901,0.00001307209,0.03166069,0.00001495155,0.000008469711,0.000001615082,0.0004063348,0.9607856,0.005101428,0.001798867,0.00002140054,0.0001085338],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8187048,0.00001807806,0.174976,0.003386817,0.00009393913,0.000119306,0.000001069668,0.002144917,0.0005551301],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9855385,0.00002374272,0.01432096,0.00001224813,0.000004159169,0.00001493625,0.00001777703,0.000004290024,0.00006336161],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9535987,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9972404,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.08214119399256974,"score_gpt":0.304475715885731,"score_spread":0.2223345218931613,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}