{"id":"W4386317013","doi":"10.1111/ecin.13173","title":"Sports injuries and game stakes: Concussions in the National Football League","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Economic Inquiry","topic":"Sports Analytics and Performance","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Victoria","funders":"","keywords":"League; Football; Incentive; LOOM; Tournament; Competition (biology); Sports economics; Football team; Psychology; Match play; Advertising; Actuarial science; Economics; Marketing; Business; Engineering; Political science; Microeconomics; Medicine; Physical therapy; Mathematics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001110049,0.0001174792,0.0002391938,0.0004509109,0.00009426478,0.00008797582,0.0001811793,0.00007159104,0.0004664242],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003634491,0.0001058933,0.00005528074,0.0001716495,0.0001369576,0.0002219541,0.00004968168,0.0001383096,0.0005916144],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007748981,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004834928,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000115008,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00007554066,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988933,0.00000686605,0.0005139767,0.0003064991,0.00003658362,0.0002428],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995146,0.00007345909,0.0001820843,0.0001779673,0.00001034945,0.00004155814],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001617739,0.00003682285,0.3970138,0.00002337541,0.0000345207,0.00001137551,0.008787939,0.002550109,0.000001820497,0.5407408,0.05012278,0.0006604776],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003751175,0.00002950396,0.6183468,0.00001440397,0.000002580049,0.00000621569,0.00127122,0.01625904,0.000004361293,0.03802971,0.3254178,0.0002432193],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9764314,0.0002703293,0.00001988329,0.001829278,0.0009377375,0.0001350587,0.0001045454,0.00002992496,0.02024182],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9967246,0.0007149355,0.00001719647,0.0008817106,0.0005130778,0.00002695337,0.00003685795,0.00001459642,0.001070057],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5027111,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7604204,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.0830984326335011,"score_gpt":0.2848772814033455,"score_spread":0.2017788487698444,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}