{"id":"W4386361555","doi":"10.1109/icccn58024.2023.10230093","title":"Depicting Instant Messaging Encrypted Traffic Characteristics through an Empirical Study","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Solana Networks (Canada); Dalhousie University","funders":"","keywords":"Encryption; Workbench; Computer science; Instant messaging; Traffic analysis; Key (lock); Computer security; Mobile device; Computer network; World Wide Web; Data mining","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001561029,0.0002544056,0.0001611619,0.001651693,0.000267838,0.001044987,0.0003055636,0.0004395409,0.001072053],"category_scores_gemma":[0.007933212,0.00009788803,0.0001923922,0.001524624,0.0002833801,0.001656416,0.0002970528,0.0005689801,0.0003855092],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004551371,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001938103,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002414826,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001824281,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991855,0.0003592067,0.00006292882,0.00011369,0.0002098262,0.00006877491],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9905046,0.006365396,0.001022149,0.0005606572,0.001363789,0.0001833739],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0006848747,0.001743137,0.7698209,0.0002957888,0.0001505175,0.0009164976,0.004515726,0.05962229,0.01427362,0.01059931,0.005102277,0.132275],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000242357,0.0009343314,0.3736721,0.00008806754,0.00008189219,0.0008310144,0.005811926,0.5993767,0.01008151,0.003115157,0.00590123,0.00008192875],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.993179,0.0000556425,0.004842662,0.00007602535,0.000005763977,0.00003453752,0.000395535,0.00006353683,0.001347293],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9969679,0.00005744497,0.002192467,0.000007970801,0.000006259983,0.00001733779,0.000427597,0.0000084324,0.0003145863],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.002414826,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.008255601,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.04389587808109784,"score_gpt":0.3219090654897322,"score_spread":0.2780131874086344,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}