{"id":"W4386452438","doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-42619-3_4","title":"Variables, Data and Methods","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"SpringerBriefs in political science","topic":"Populism, Right-Wing Movements","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Ottawa","funders":"","keywords":"Test (biology); Psychology; Questionnaire; Statistical hypothesis testing; Statistics; Computer science; Applied psychology; Data science; Econometrics; Mathematics; Geology","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.01092317,0.0003064118,0.0004503442,0.0004073599,0.0007065585,0.0003688848,0.002869654,0.0004061672,0.0002488442],"category_scores_gemma":[0.004747753,0.0003026725,0.00004307452,0.0004252378,0.0051976,0.0006017136,0.002650418,0.0007157599,0.0001579943],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0008088716,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001505951,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.008475932,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002297317,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9945099,0.0001509144,0.0005111154,0.001416382,0.001453407,0.001958254],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.996697,0.0008486558,0.00012595,0.001258434,0.0001018325,0.0009681039],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000001562008,0.000009464882,0.000188376,0.0000178983,0.000006634588,0.00002998412,0.0003453191,1.999338e-7,0.00002415779,0.9939901,0.0002651957,0.00512106],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001037895,0.00001337029,0.001490404,0.0002145824,0.0000215176,0.000001508045,0.00009452803,0.0001242954,0.00002685715,0.6608335,0.3366922,0.0003835271],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","genre_scores_codex":[0.0001722343,0.0001414858,0.0005417152,0.001914143,0.001438289,0.0003730212,0.0001029921,0.0002099731,0.9951062],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.03868493,0.0006872405,0.0542034,0.002690196,0.001941285,0.00002853987,0.0000427349,0.0001839905,0.9015377],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","teacher_disagreement_score":0.336427,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999425,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.102820051089998,"score_gpt":0.4292242636677999,"score_spread":0.3264042125778019,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}