{"id":"W4386469328","doi":"10.1098/rsos.230437","title":"The welfare problems of wide-ranging Carnivora reflect naturally itinerant lifestyles","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Royal Society Open Science","topic":"Animal Behavior and Welfare Studies","field":"Veterinary","cited_by":17,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Guelph","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Captivity; Juvenile; Breed; Welfare; Biology; Novelty; Habitat; Range (aeronautics); Home range; Ecology; Zoology; Psychology; Social psychology","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004626389,0.0002652065,0.0001749277,0.0005545745,0.0004823814,0.0005280977,0.0002265879,0.0002415453,0.0008276677],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0009398578,0.000153271,0.0001928059,0.0002684542,0.000831291,0.0003508769,0.0006063981,0.0003290385,0.00009783241],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002445632,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001763052,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002584243,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.009424575,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998159,0.0000554693,0.00001343744,0.00006153557,0.00002551207,0.0000281983],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992218,0.0001139192,0.0004179986,0.00006649298,0.00006628733,0.0001135781],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007297346,0.00005805781,0.9811174,0.00003459484,0.00008854852,0.00009717717,0.0007318418,0.0001578084,0.01174515,0.00008847154,0.00007095112,0.005736935],"study_design_scores_gemma":[2.600001e-7,0.00005596883,0.999301,0.000002864245,0.000005975209,0.00007829558,0.0003119614,0.00004931457,0.0001147242,0.00003415871,0.00004399517,0.000001600931],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9994507,0.00008066019,0.0001209515,0.00001382649,7.368424e-7,0.00000156313,0.00003152297,0.000002520065,0.0002975054],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9994764,0.00006192143,0.0002709447,0.00001416507,0.00000260788,0.000004497692,0.0000746132,0.000001594737,0.00009333261],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.002584243,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.005138338,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.05065228166655819,"score_gpt":0.3587732320344725,"score_spread":0.3081209503679143,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}