{"id":"W4386501268","doi":"10.5281/zenodo.8322555","title":"The Oligopoly's Shift to Open Access. How the Big Five Academic Publishers Profit from Article Processing Charges","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","topic":"Publishing and Scholarly Communication","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Université de Montréal; Dalhousie University; University of Ottawa","funders":"","keywords":"Oligopoly; Profit (economics); Business; Industrial organization; Economics; Microeconomics; Cournot competition","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":["scholarly_communication","open_science"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.003792465,0.0003204186,0.0002530236,0.002045286,0.001613681,0.01183222,0.0007343831,0.001605837,0.01468135],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0156703,0.0004181361,0.000662639,0.00336509,0.004098967,0.009794174,0.002438219,0.00250352,0.002538079],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.006594356,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.004154472,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01021893,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.009814737,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9954292,0.0009211425,0.0001645523,0.0007798471,0.002037541,0.000667627],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9862664,0.004487307,0.002925911,0.001111716,0.001955837,0.003252864],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004039469,0.000160408,0.04304754,0.0004693271,0.0001580648,0.001032206,0.00204217,0.008041453,0.002466271,0.7327349,0.04470822,0.1647356],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000101543,0.0003450678,0.1016391,0.0006825192,0.0001082906,0.001913002,0.005058959,0.01695082,0.002653114,0.3503202,0.5199947,0.0002326406],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.3896176,0.01722448,0.04915484,0.06791209,0.001302132,0.0001984153,0.002106981,0.000665704,0.4718177],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.965573,0.003479599,0.003800626,0.004058989,0.0004472072,0.0000473357,0.0002740598,0.0001120787,0.02220713],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9992656,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.04911399,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.1818669342726291,"score_gpt":0.3208354838076735,"score_spread":0.1389685495350444,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}