{"id":"W4386514163","doi":"10.1017/s0266078423000299","title":"The Low-Back-Merger Shift: Evidence from MENA Americans in the Upper Midwest and southern California","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"English Today","topic":"Linguistic Variation and Morphology","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Ethnic group; Vowel; Immigration; Context (archaeology); Visibility; Multiculturalism; White (mutation); Gender studies; Geography; Sociolinguistics; History; Sociology; Linguistics; Anthropology","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001531231,0.00007565557,0.00009589484,0.0000279931,0.0004633421,0.0001114438,0.0003262039,0.00006362888,0.0004239731],"category_scores_gemma":[0.004666196,0.00004443929,0.00003148346,0.0003611842,0.0002610575,0.00004428331,0.00004951357,0.0001644771,0.0006544493],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003089749,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00008927171,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01416013,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01603512,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986113,0.0005122423,0.0001598872,0.0001898317,0.0002496582,0.000277045],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9978212,0.001820176,0.00005711708,0.0001943552,0.00005257595,0.00005454387],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002283925,0.00003296122,0.0670426,0.000004395428,0.00002402956,0.00002412861,0.9043679,0.00003261454,0.00008609294,0.007116852,0.01924686,0.001998768],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003264553,0.00002343208,0.1008089,0.0000532454,0.00002034202,2.680403e-7,0.1021613,0.0001554365,0.00002003077,0.006863902,0.7893401,0.0002266028],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9651048,0.000296206,0.00003814787,0.02316772,0.001564893,0.0002810809,0.0001050623,0.00009686337,0.009345205],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.996832,0.0002759215,0.00003855743,0.0009045536,0.000824269,0.00002749368,0.000008710453,0.000008077334,0.001080444],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8022066,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9924046,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02726460214315099,"score_gpt":0.2967692923302067,"score_spread":0.2695046901870557,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}