{"id":"W4386529013","doi":"10.5430/wjel.v13n8p182","title":"Investigating the Use of E-Dictionaries as Strategy to Improve Speaking Skill through Practical Activities of Precise Phonemes Realization: Case Study of EFL Undergraduate Students of Haripur University, Abatabad University, & Hazara University Mansehra, Pakistan","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"World Journal of English Language","topic":"Lexicography and Language Studies","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"King Khalid University","keywords":"Pronunciation; Realization (probability); Computer science; Articulation (sociology); Active listening; Mathematics education; Operationalization; Linguistics; Psychology; Artificial intelligence; Speech recognition; Statistics; Mathematics; Communication","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003714625,0.0001733946,0.0004309709,0.0005127728,0.0003496059,0.00005663712,0.0003135745,0.00003419163,0.00007807063],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003267007,0.0001485526,0.0001767817,0.0006434715,0.0005506435,0.0009440175,0.0003019625,0.0002568052,4.121301e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006156691,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001177919,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.008908207,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.03958364,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9983661,0.0003021239,0.0004390761,0.0001687168,0.0005458108,0.0001782212],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9971963,0.0007162941,0.0009514272,0.0002481957,0.0008237484,0.00006410458],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004486701,0.0008218577,0.01224623,0.0002213487,0.001309739,0.00149942,0.9561544,0.0008676221,0.0002830635,0.02435825,0.00137462,0.0004147648],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001265128,0.0005838044,0.001844065,0.0002840471,0.0004560451,0.00002320833,0.9874266,0.000007126712,0.0003431275,0.0001172624,0.007503391,0.00014616],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9956563,0.00009075955,0.00006305955,0.00006645206,0.0002791122,0.0002698181,0.000202491,0.00002352337,0.003348467],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9969116,0.00009540929,0.0002416854,0.00001164704,0.0001290891,1.442137e-7,0.000007608513,0.00001276533,0.00259001],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.03127222,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9976916,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.05755093060624621,"score_gpt":0.3111209492137857,"score_spread":0.2535700186075395,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}