{"id":"W4386545385","doi":"10.1038/s41380-023-02228-3","title":"Incidence, prevalence, and global burden of ADHD from 1990 to 2019 across 204 countries: data, with critical re-analysis, from the Global Burden of Disease study","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Molecular Psychiatry","topic":"Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder","field":"Medicine","cited_by":180,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"Ottawa Hospital; University of Ottawa","funders":"","keywords":"Incidence (geometry); Medicine; Burden of disease; Disease burden; Demography; Prevalence; Epidemiology; Gerontology; Environmental health; Population; Internal medicine","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004062736,0.0002882311,0.0006750838,0.00006418915,0.0001131236,0.00006295539,0.0006253175,0.00008859157,0.000176748],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004897813,0.0002173738,0.0001565497,0.001647777,0.0003156822,0.0001658958,0.000589656,0.0001843392,0.00005929718],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004962007,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003491702,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.009888596,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001496675,"domain_scores_codex":[0.996767,0.0002294104,0.0005447624,0.0008781822,0.0012144,0.0003661829],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9970407,0.0002079223,0.0001816624,0.002006546,0.0002618837,0.0003012699],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001112172,0.0004246098,0.991052,0.0001293625,0.001994778,0.00009724451,0.0009885462,0.0007031483,0.00005345655,0.0001565727,0.003206631,0.00008144607],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002187563,0.0004230109,0.9665152,0.0003284384,0.006924482,0.000004969665,0.02093793,0.001242376,0.000003853276,0.0006844802,0.0004550948,0.0002925658],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9762334,0.003312364,0.001599296,0.008649176,0.0002127686,0.0009050586,0.008968027,0.00005586399,0.00006410853],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9978459,0.0000576359,0.0008055491,0.0004473015,0.000178683,0.00002601655,0.0005600824,0.00002392614,0.00005494316],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.0245368,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9967046,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02508482152212592,"score_gpt":0.3727877090735407,"score_spread":0.3477028875514148,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}