{"id":"W4386566625","doi":"10.18653/v1/2023.eacl-main.237","title":"A Federated Approach for Hate Speech Detection","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Hate Speech and Cyberbullying Detection","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Voice activity detection; Computer science; Task (project management); Social media; Emotion detection; Internet privacy; Speech recognition; Artificial intelligence; Machine learning; Natural language processing; Computer security; Data science; Speech processing; World Wide Web; Emotion recognition; Engineering","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003139251,0.00009054443,0.00008534452,0.0001470411,0.0002684022,0.0002564986,0.0001965783,0.0000653659,0.000006110082],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000338419,0.00008030272,0.00005980669,0.0008949592,0.000009306003,0.0002643529,0.00004463657,0.00006466245,0.0002374063],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002567707,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001801158,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00004280583,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001636956,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991097,0.00002387046,0.0001215026,0.0003238693,0.000141702,0.0002793127],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996288,0.00003028491,0.00003075315,0.0001741756,0.00007442234,0.00006149882],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001843209,0.00003618716,0.0000119104,0.00002641201,0.00002168446,0.000006725887,0.00009523069,0.0002545107,0.05670881,0.002379206,0.00331454,0.9371263],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002745384,0.0001013645,0.0001750039,0.000002100603,0.000002510353,0.00002323284,0.00003680144,0.7131891,0.2803355,0.00127593,0.004450585,0.0001333158],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.01672245,0.000004265024,0.9712713,0.0001938751,0.0003601907,0.0003139451,7.272394e-7,0.001588229,0.009545051],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9212215,0.000005939979,0.06943892,0.0001543313,0.0001089647,0.0001315809,0.00001144725,0.00001397956,0.008913321],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9369931,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.327465,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02241516317710555,"score_gpt":0.2433323136491364,"score_spread":0.2209171504720309,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}