{"id":"W4386603805","doi":"10.3233/faia230232","title":"Knowledge of Language and Natural Language Processing","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Frontiers in artificial intelligence and applications","topic":"Topic Modeling","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Université du Québec à Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Computer science; Natural language processing; Universal Networking Language; Language identification; Question answering; Artificial intelligence; Natural language programming; Natural language; Anaphora (linguistics); Covert; Dependency (UML); Sentence; Object language; Generative grammar; Linguistics; Comprehension approach","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001444621,0.0001398552,0.0002186425,0.000230153,0.00006877654,0.00006005242,0.0003312157,0.0001143787,0.00000247769],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001222078,0.0001432888,0.00003120334,0.0001318872,0.0001323182,0.0001062077,0.0001768485,0.0002261352,0.00001244999],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002081392,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004687829,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002261711,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00006414818,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990596,0.000007827643,0.0003214048,0.0003835168,0.00008810514,0.0001395629],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994656,0.00003994955,0.0001126502,0.0002962523,0.00004247179,0.00004303819],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000001071677,0.000007857632,0.000008944319,0.00005960638,0.000004878898,0.000001684339,0.003355859,0.00001458368,0.00005608887,0.2045747,0.00004280492,0.7918719],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00005432707,0.00003948746,0.0000415325,0.0006243163,0.00004320188,0.00001005892,0.006348576,0.4768349,0.002356081,0.5030497,0.009810036,0.0007877583],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.0001949786,0.01395698,0.970287,0.0001337263,0.0002208306,0.000364598,0.00001079896,0.00009153537,0.01473956],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.7201643,0.002290261,0.1416526,0.0001383597,0.0007979462,0.0002827406,0.0000588246,0.0001113243,0.1345036],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8286344,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5843148,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.03679337242687272,"score_gpt":0.3008611652503967,"score_spread":0.264067792823524,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}