{"id":"W4386608536","doi":"10.1525/elementa.2023.00053","title":"Methane venting from uncontrolled production storage tanks at conventional oil wells—Temporal variability, root causes, and implications for measurement","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Elementa Science of the Anthropocene","topic":"Atmospheric and Environmental Gas Dynamics","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":11,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Carleton University","funders":"Natural Resources Canada; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Mitacs","keywords":"Environmental science; Methane; Volume (thermodynamics); Metre; Fossil fuel; Storage tank; Hydrology (agriculture); Upstream (networking); Volumetric flow rate; Fugitive emissions; Petroleum engineering; Greenhouse gas; Environmental engineering; Waste management; Engineering; Geology; Chemistry; Geotechnical engineering; Mechanics; Oceanography","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001770527,0.0002838392,0.000275779,0.0009064309,0.0005868043,0.0008954416,0.0007148185,0.0001933715,0.0002676239],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002799579,0.0001709883,0.0002157066,0.001584204,0.0007135477,0.0004325323,0.0005058419,0.0002953201,0.00005880986],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.002326881,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001434765,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.211537,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.4529123,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9985499,0.0001548309,0.00006735539,0.000281611,0.0008170155,0.0001292715],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9974573,0.0007486767,0.0007510896,0.0001643005,0.0008153211,0.00006324884],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008022461,0.00003159286,0.9588189,0.00007334152,0.00005520618,0.0001567545,0.001695761,0.001676185,0.01423553,0.0001837851,0.0002335833,0.02275912],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000001525672,0.00003483017,0.9900331,0.00001792074,0.00001840383,0.00004872557,0.001430705,0.003301797,0.0042212,0.0001191514,0.0007600034,0.00001270449],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9924003,0.0002259255,0.005386802,0.00006765257,0.000007526399,0.00003292856,0.0006014783,0.00005223201,0.001225185],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9965369,0.0001204484,0.002518132,0.00001922692,0.000004510207,0.00001731302,0.0004573161,0.00001077947,0.0003154315],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.211537,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4206116,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02064579337925732,"score_gpt":0.26069661413698,"score_spread":0.2400508207577227,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}