{"id":"W4386636150","doi":"10.1093/analys/anad007","title":"Perceptual noise and the bell curve objection","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Analysis","topic":"Epistemology, Ethics, and Metaphysics","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"York University","funders":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada; Canada First Research Excellence Fund","keywords":"Indeterminacy (philosophy); Doxastic logic; Perception; Appeal; Epistemology; Psychology; Philosophy; Cognitive psychology; Law; Political science","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005020329,0.00007086281,0.000194817,0.0001068233,0.0004293783,0.00008258616,0.00006814381,0.0000330128,0.0004402004],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000045206,0.00004482023,0.0002003996,0.0002073027,0.0005828965,0.00007152628,0.00003252641,0.0001190453,0.0002022801],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000006023962,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000008232038,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001927089,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.008588607,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993781,0.0001288185,0.0001248568,0.0001425858,0.0001066898,0.0001189609],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994624,0.0002258566,0.00004815203,0.0001693422,0.00007030259,0.00002396503],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004698512,0.00004490141,0.008281082,0.00003331309,0.00296679,0.000005721045,0.3084408,0.0001719351,0.00004528416,0.6650707,0.01147457,0.003417972],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002695505,0.0001810096,0.06726958,0.00002145876,0.01572382,0.000003803203,0.2161519,0.02252781,0.00009281035,0.1038359,0.5705351,0.0009612937],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.916512,0.0003639465,0.0001064249,0.003447935,0.0004300577,0.0001113271,0.00002408694,0.0001409931,0.07886322],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9679035,0.0002449451,0.000004810644,0.0004075333,0.0003738301,0.000008916712,0.00003463903,0.000006174042,0.03101567],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5612348,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4819886,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.04486903487056938,"score_gpt":0.2656883515451143,"score_spread":0.2208193166745449,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}