{"id":"W4386641446","doi":"10.5430/wjel.v13n8p267","title":"An Ideological Analysis of Defamation in Selected YouTube Videos: A Critical Discourse Analysis Study","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"World Journal of English Language","topic":"Bangladesh Politics, Society, and Development","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Ideology; Critical discourse analysis; Harm; Social media; Sociology; Prejudice (legal term); Racism; Microblogging; Content analysis; The Internet; Discourse analysis; Perspective (graphical); Media studies; Social psychology; Psychology; Computer science; Law; Social science; Linguistics; Political science; Gender studies; Politics; World Wide Web; Philosophy","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002954992,0.0001206628,0.000638693,0.00192669,0.000132214,0.00007800156,0.0003387653,0.00008233891,0.0003150203],"category_scores_gemma":[0.005274237,0.0001033019,0.000345301,0.01158191,0.000267574,0.000342522,0.00003617817,0.0002843182,0.000002266808],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001851748,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001898419,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002374375,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.03357433,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9971269,0.0007580846,0.0007709956,0.0001899961,0.0007647341,0.0003893328],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9977756,0.0006205511,0.0002627047,0.0001817161,0.0009484503,0.000211012],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002281517,0.0005456345,0.3963124,0.00000627606,0.0013774,0.000100743,0.5988566,0.000860435,0.000031818,0.001346706,0.0003744971,0.0001646524],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003018496,0.0000793795,0.5484159,0.00001218352,0.001809415,1.321793e-7,0.4487578,0.0003128093,0.000013712,0.0001343125,0.00005816754,0.0001043185],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9982636,0.0002209651,0.0001697198,0.0002027158,0.000280993,0.0001143384,0.00001502558,0.00004569714,0.0006869624],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9989955,0.00004301472,0.0004054867,0.00006708204,0.0003636741,0.000004682405,0.00002111298,0.000007573621,0.0000919094],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1521035,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9840604,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02166169835145165,"score_gpt":0.372875570499784,"score_spread":0.3512138721483323,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}