{"id":"W4386697668","doi":"10.1021/acs.jchemed.3c00220","title":"Geiger Mode Single Photon Counting: A Laboratory Experiment Exploring Delayed Fluorescence in Plants","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Chemical Education","topic":"Advanced Fluorescence Microscopy Techniques","field":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"McGill University; York University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canada First Research Excellence Fund; Canada Foundation for Innovation; York University","keywords":"Photomultiplier; Photonics; Silicon photomultiplier; Photon counting; Nanotechnology; Optoelectronics; Photon; Engineering physics; Light intensity; Detector; Physics; Computer science; Optics; Materials science; Scintillator","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006906912,0.0003883972,0.0004072294,0.0002830842,0.0007289328,0.0005816338,0.001282685,0.001129471,0.001003206],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0005136852,0.0001778194,0.000256704,0.0004444346,0.00129466,0.0009529119,0.0007913618,0.001124626,0.0002248119],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006108959,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0005517753,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00050874,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0004387341,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999703,0.00007125352,0.000006784002,0.0001214108,0.00006525682,0.00003218608],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997126,0.000138107,0.00003314235,0.00005462332,0.00001422062,0.00004725587],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003748852,0.0001964459,0.0009330526,0.00008102992,0.00001438644,0.0003692587,0.0003033979,0.001130283,0.9755917,0.009652593,0.0004095319,0.01094343],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001858725,0.001956323,0.002189262,0.00002047642,0.00003399109,0.001235716,0.000175934,0.02516743,0.9561776,0.00576201,0.007025955,0.00006946368],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9070951,0.000599015,0.08347976,0.0009877129,0.00009830275,0.0001520536,0.0002968475,0.0006448213,0.006646396],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9164602,0.0005571367,0.07922056,0.0001675489,0.00003661809,0.0001070535,0.0001411419,0.00005287246,0.003256931],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.001282685,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.00443244,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02152688399363387,"score_gpt":0.3191610970883917,"score_spread":0.2976342130947578,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}